How Did The Universe Begin?

Go to our sponsor https://betterhelp.com/HOTU for 10% off your first month of therapy with BetterHelp and get matched with a therapist who will listen and help. ------------------------------------------- Researched and Written by Leila Battison Narrated and Edited by David Kelly Animations by the superb Jero Squartini https://www.fiverr.com/share/0v7Kjv using Manim - MIT License, (c) 2020-2023 3Blue1Brown LLC Thumbnail art by Ettore Mazza: https://www.instagram.com/ettore.mazza/?hl=en Art by Joseph Ioseliani Sound Editing by Jack White If you like our videos, check out Leila's Youtube channel: https://www.youtube.com/channel/UCXIk7euOGq6jkptjTzEz5kQ Music from Epidemic Sound and Artlist Stock footage from Videoblocks and Artgrid Galaxies, space videos from NASA and ESO Image Credits: UY Scuti By ESO/Digitized Sky Survey 2 - DSS2: http://aladin.u-strasbg.fr/AladinLite/?target=V*%20UY%20Sct&fov=0.033334&survey=P%2fDSS2%2fcolor, CC BY-SA 3.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=94999471 Peter Higgs By Bengt Nyman - Flickr: IMG_7516, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=30047380 Particle collision By Brookhaven National Laboratory - https://www.flickr.com/photos/11304375@N07/6799740261/, CC BY 2.0, https://commons.wikimedia.org/w/index.php?curid=44840903 Cloud Chamber by Stephen Curry, CC BY 3.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0, via Wikimedia Commons REFERENCES: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/the-first-molecule-in-the-universe/ https://www.mpg.de/13392365/first-astrophysical-detection-of-helium-hydride-ion https://www.cbc.ca/news/science/big-bang-molecule-1.5101734 https://www.sci.news/astronomy/amino-acid-formation-interstellar-medium-09056.html https://chem.libretexts.org/Bookshelves/Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry_Textbook_Maps/Supplemental_Modules_(Physical_and_Theoretical_Chemistry)/Chemical_Bonding/Fundamentals_of_Chemical_Bonding/Coordinate_(Dative_Covalent)_Bonding https://www.astro.ucla.edu/~wright/BBhistory.html https://www.britannica.com/science/electroweak-theory http://sciexplorer.blogspot.com/2011/01/our-universe-part-7-quark-epoch.html https://www.polytechnique-insights.com/en/braincamps/space/astrophysics-3-recent-discoveries-that-illuminate-our-vision-of-the-universe/higgs-boson-we-have-discovered-the-origin-of-matter-in-the-universe/ https://science.nasa.gov/ems/02_anatomy https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/dec/13/us-scientists-confirm-major-breakthrough-in-nuclear-fusion https://science.nasa.gov/astrophysics/focus-areas/what-is-dark-energy https://www.space.com/james-webb-space-telescope-science-denial https://www.sciencenews.org/article/proton-mass-quarks-calculation https://astro.ucla.edu/~wright/Lyman-alpha-forest.html https://www.quantamagazine.org/big-bounce-simulations-challenge-the-big-bang-20200804/ https://www.astro.umd.edu/~miller/nstar.html https://hps.org/publicinformation/ate/faqs/faqradbods.html https://www.sciencefocus.com/science/what-holds-together-the-protons-and-neutrons-in-an-atoms-nucleus/ https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/degrees-of-freedom/alan-guth-interview/ https://gizmodo.com/if-you-fold-a-paper-in-half-103-times-it-will-be-as-thi-1607632639 https://bigthink.com/starts-with-a-bang/universe-symmetric/ https://www.ox.ac.uk/news/2022-03-31-nature-prefers-symmetry-and-simplicity https://www-project.slac.stanford.edu/e158/parityviolation.html https://www.britannica.com/science/physical-constant https://physicstoday.scitation.org/do/10.1063/pt.5.031277/full/ https://depts.washington.edu/imreslab/education/Physics%20of%20PET.pdf https://www.forbes.com/sites/startswithabang/2019/02/08/theres-almost-no-antimatter-in-the-universe-and-no-one-knows-why/?sh=1cc06d5c9c6b http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/Astro/sn87a.html https://news.mit.edu/2016/ligo-first-detection-gravitational-waves-0211 https://academic.oup.com/mnras/article/152/1/75/2604549?login=false https://www.theguardian.com/environment/2022/dec/13/us-scientists-confirm-major-breakthrough-in-nuclear-fusion https://www.physics.unlv.edu/~jeffery/astro/cosmol/big_bang_nucleosynthesis.html https://www.aps.org/programs/honors/history/historicsites/penziaswilson.cfm https://darkcosmos.com/home/f/baryon-acoustic-oscillations-bao https://arxiv.org/pdf/1703.00013.pdf 00:00 Introduction 05:44 1. The Planck Era: First Ten-Tredecillionth Of A Second 18:51 2. Grand Unification: First Undecillionth of A Second 26:56 3. Inflation: First Picosecond 41:43 4. The Higgs and Mass: First Billionth of a Second 56:06 5. Fine Tuning, Protons, Neutrons and Antimatter: First Millionth of a Second 1:13:23 6. Neutrinos and Primordial Black Holes: First Second 1:31:59 7. Big Bang Nucleosynthesis: First Minute 1:44:12 8. The First Molecule: First 100,000 Years 1:54:59 9. First Atoms, First Light: First 380,000 Years 2:10:23 10: Dark Matter and Dark Energy: First Million Years